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EXCURSION 

PLANNED FOR THE 

CITY HISTORY CLUB 

OF 

NEW YORK 

BY 

FRANK BERGEN KELLEY 

No. V— THE NINETEENTH CENTURY CITY: TENTH TO ONE 
HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH STREET 

Reprinted from the Historical Quide to the City of New York 
Published by Frederick A. Stokes Co. 

Revised, 1909 and 1912 

PRICE, 10 CENTS 

Mailed on receipt of price by Secretary, City History Club 
21 W. 44th Street 



Copyright, 1905, by the Crty History C!ub of New York 



Collected set. 






G^ > 



EXCURSION V— 1912 EDITION 

This Excursion was first outlined in 1905, revised in a special Sup- 
plement in 1907, and again in book form in the Historical Guide to the 
City of New York in 1909. Much credit for the work on Blooming- 
dale and Madison Square is due to Mr. Hopper Striker Mott ; Mr. Frank 
Warren Crane aided in the correction of "The Upper East Side," and 
the works of Albert Ulmann, Thomas A. Janvier, R. R. Wilson, 
William Hemstreet and Professor Henry P. Johnston were of great 
service. 

Few old landmarks remain in this busy and constantly changing part 
of tlie metropolis, but particular efforts seem to have been made in this 
central portion of Manhattan to commemorate the past in sculpture or 
by monuments and tablets, and here are found some of the greatest 
museums and depositories of historical records and prints. 



HISTORICAL GUIDE 




Plate XXI. Routes 14, 15, 16, 



104 



The ninetenth century city. 



Bibliography. 

Works by Ulmann, Janvier ("Down Love Lane"), R. R. Wilson, 
Hemstreet (particularly in "When Old New York was Yming'") 
mentioned in Excursion VIE 

" Felix Oldboy's Tour Around Old New York," by Colonel Mines. 

" Old New York," by Greatorex. 

Valentine's Manual of the Common Council of New York. 
' " The New York of Yesterday — Bloomingdale," by Mott. 



Battle of Harlem Heights. _ 

" Battle of Harlem Heights," by Shepard in " Historic New York,' 

Vol. n. 

" The Battle of Harlem Heights," by Johnston. 

" The Campaign of 1776," by Johnston. 

" Field Book of the Revolution," Vol. H., p. 816, by Lossing. 

" History of Attacks on New York," by Stedman. 

" Memorial History of New York," Vol. H, by Wilson. 

"History of New York," Chap. VH, by Stone. 

"Transactions of the Long Island Historical Society," Vol. III. 

"Nathan Hale," by Prof. H. P. Johnston. 



N. B. — * refers to Addenda, 1912, on pages 138, 139. 



-loS 



HISTORICAL GUIDE 

ROUTE 14. 

SECTION I.— UNION SQUARE TO GRAMERCY PARK. 
(For Sections I, II and III, figures refer to Plate XXI.) 

General Viele's Map in Wilson's Memorial History, Vol. IV, and 
the Commissioners Map of 1807 are useful in showing early houses, 
lanes and roads. 

Take Subzvay to Fourteenth Street. 

I. Union Square, designated as Union Place by the Commissioners of the 
City Plan, who in 1807-11 laid out Manhattan on the "checker-board system." 
Because of the intersection of the Bowery and Broadway, this was left an 
open square, but not formally laid out until 1832, when Samuel B. Ruggles 
was instrumental in planning the park of three and one-half acres. Lower 
Broadway was made to bend at Tenth Street to avoid the demolition of the 
Brevoort homestead and it connected with the Road to Bloomingdale, which 
ran diagonally across the Square from Bowery, or New York Lane. 

Hendrick Brevoort's farm was bounded as follows: the southwest corner 
began at the middle of Fifth Avenue, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, ran 
north along Minetta Water, which was the westerly boundary, to a point about 
fifty feet north of Twelfth Street; thence east in a straight line to the west 
side of Fourth Avenue in Fourteenth Street, thence south alonp the west side 
of Fourth Avenue to a point about seventy-five feet north of Tenth Street, 
and thence west in a straight line to the point of beginning. Because of the 
opposition of Brevoort, who wished to save a favorite tree, Eleventh Street 
was not cut through between Broadway and Fourth Avenue. 

The Minto Estate, once owned by Lieutenant-Governor Elliott, then by 
Baron Poelnitz, and later part of the Randall Farm, lay south. The ground 
rents from this property to-day support the Sailors' Snug Harbor on Staten 
Island. 

The Spingler Estate, bought from Elias Brevoort in 1788, adjoined the 
Brevoort Farm on the north and was bounded as follows: the west .ine was 
Minetta Water, the east line Fourth Avenue and a prolongation of Blooming- 
dale Road, the north line ran from a point now in Union Square at a point 
about equidistant between Fifteenth and Sixteenth Streets in a straight line 
to a point about fifty feet north of the north side of Fourteenth Street and 
two hundred feet east of the easterly side of Sixth Avenue, and the south line 
bordered on the Brevoort Farm. 

The large fountain in the center of Union Square dates from 
1842 when Croton water was introduced into the city. The small 
fountain facing Broadway at Sixteenth Street was donated to the 
city by D. Willis James and erected in i88r. It was designed by 
Adolf Donndorf of Stuttgart and founded in bronze in Brunswick, 
Germany. 

The bronze equestrian statue of Washington, copied from Hou- 
don, was erected by city merchants at the spot where Washington 
was received by the citizens on Evacuation Day, November 25, 
1783, and was dedicated July 4, 1856. This is the oldest public 
statue in the city which stands in its original place, and was the 
work of Henry K. Brown. 

106 



Union Square MANHATTAN 14 Route 

Near the statue there was held in 1861 a great war meeting in 
response to Lincoln's call for troops. Facing it is the statue of 
Lafayette, modelled by Bartholdi and presented in 1876 to the 
city by French residents as a token of gratitude for American 
sympathy in the Franco-Prussian War. 

At the southwest corner of the Square see the bronze statue of 
Lincoln, by H. K. Brown, erected by popular subscription under 
the auspices of the Union League Club about 1866. 
Go zvcst on Sixteenth Street 

2. Home of William Cullen Bryant, 24 West Sixteenth Street. 
Pass the Church and College (opened in 1847) of St. Francis 
Xavier. 

3. Paisley Place or Weavers' Row, a double row of rear 
wooden houses entered by alleys at 115-117 West Sixteenth Street 
and 112-114 West Seventeenth Street. They were built about 1822 
to accommodate Scotch weavers from Paisley who fled to this part 
of the city to escape yellow fever. 

Go dozvn Sixth Avenue and zvcst on Fourteenth Street. 

4. Cruger Mansion,. 126-130 West Fourteenth Street, between 
Sixth and Seventh Avenues, once the home of the Metropolitan 
Museum of Art. In the Metropolitan Temple at Fourteenth 
Street and Seventh avenue are Memorial windows to ex-Presi- 
dents McKinley and Roosevelt.* i 

Go east on Fourteenth Street. 

5. The Van Beuren House, 21 West Fourteenth Street (built 
about 1855), one of the last private residences on this block and the 
second homestead of the Spingler Estate. This family is distinct 
from that to which President Van Buren belonged. 

Go dozvn Fifth Avenue and west on Tliirtecnth Street. 
At 36 West Thirteenth Street (Steeple Building) and 43-45 West 
Twelfth Street, see in the oblique walls of the buildings traces of the 
old Union Road which originally connected Skinner Road (the con- 
tinuation of Christopher Street) with the Southampton Road at 
Fifteenth Street and Seventh Avenue (Section III, A). Note the 
lines of these roads and of Minctta Brook on Plate XXI. 

6. 60 West Thirteenth Street (occupied 1897-1905 by the De- 
Witt Clinton High School), famous as the " old Thirteenth Street 
School," once under the principalship of Dr. Hunter (founder of the 
Normal College) whose graduates have formed the Thomas Hunter 
Association. 

107 



Route 14 HISTORICAL GUIDE Union 

Go down to Sixth Avenue. 

7. Milligan Place (old Milligan's Lane), west side of Sixth 
Avenue, between Tenth and Eleventh Streets, once connected Amos 
(West Tenth) Street with the Union Road. Note the slant of the 
building on the north side marking the original direction of the 
Lane. 

Go west on Eleventh Street. 

8. The "Grapevine" (Sixth Avenue and West Eleventh Street) 
was once a popular roadhouse on the old Union Road. 

g. The second "Beth Haim " (House of Rest), a Jewish Ceme- 
tery, was establislied here 1804-5 (the early cemetery being still 
visible at Oliver Street and New Bowery. (Excursion III:i8.) It 
was used as a burial place for strangers, but became the regular 
cemetery of the congregation in 1882. In 1829, Eleventh Street east 
of Sixth Avenue was opened by the City Commissioners, encroaching 
largely on the cemetery, whereupon a third site was purchased in 
1830 at the southwest corner of Sixth Avenue and Twenty-first 
Street (Section II:3i). 

At Z2 West Eleventh Street, note the building in the rear (cistern 
and chimney), which was near the line of the Union Road. 

Go north on Fifth Avenue. 

10. The Old First Presbyterian Church, Fifth Avenue, between 
Eleventh and Twelfth Streets, successor to the early church on 
Wall Street founded in 1719. See tablet (Excursion VII :2o). 

Go east on Thirteenth Street to University Place, then east on IV est 
Twelfth Street. 

11. Tablet, southeast corner of Thirteenth Street and Univer- 
sity Place, erected in 1908 by the officers and veterans of the Ninth 
Regiment, National Guard, State of New York, organized in 1799, 
acting as the Eighty-third New York Volunteers in the Civil War. 
From their headquarters, site marked by the tablet, " they marched 
away 850 strong, May 27, 1861. They returned home June 11, 1864, 
with 17 officers and 78 enlisted men after having gone through 24 
battles." 



108 



Square MANHATTAN 14 Route 

12. New York Society Library at 109 University Place, the 
oldest public library in America, established in 1700 in the English 
City Hall by Governor Bellomont, incorporated in 1754 as the City 
Library and chartered by George HI in 1772 as the New York 
Society Library. The present building was erected in 1856. See within 
many rare prints of old New York ; complete files of Jocal news- 
papers, all the well-known histories, guide books, directories, etc., of 
New York. 

13. Old Twelfth Street School, once under the principalship of 
Lydia Wadleigh who did so much to promote free education for 
girls. 

Go down Broadzvay to 

14. Grace Churchyard. See the sun dial, doliola and marble 
seat. The doliola, made to hold grain, was found while digging for 
the foundation of St. Paul's on the Via Nationale in Rome, and was 
presented by the late Dr. Ncvin of that church. Two like it re- 
main in St. Paul's Church garden. Grace Church originally stood 
at Broadway and Rector Street. (Excursion VII :i9). The present 
building was erected in 1845. 

Go east on Tenth Street to Fourth Avenue, north to Fourteenth 

and then east. 

15. The Academy of Music, corner of Irving Place, the first 
building erected in 1854, rebuilt 1868, the home of opera in New 
York until 1883. 

16. Tammany Hall, fourth building of the Tammany Society, 
Columbian Order, established in 1786. See on the front " Tammany 
Society, 1789-1867" and the figure of St. Tammany, the Indian 
Chief. Within the building may be seen some valuable historical 
paintings and prints. The " Wigwam " on the top floor contains the 
emblems of the Society. 

Go north on Irving Place. 

17. House of Washington Irving, southwest corner of Seven- 
teenth Street, upp.isuc tlie new Washington Irving High School.*2 

Go east on Eii;htccnl!i Sircct. 

i8. Bayard Taylor's Home, "the Stuyvcsant." 142 East Eigh- 
teenth Street, one of the oldest apartment houses in New York; 
built in 1869 on the Erench model by Rutherford Stuyvesant whose 
family still owns it. 

109 



Route 14 HISTORICAL GUIDE Gramercy Park 

Go north on Irving Place to 

19. Gramercy Park. Iiines says that the name was derived 
from " Krom merssche " or " Krom moerasje " (crooked little swamp), 
formed by the shape of Cedar Creek which flowed from Madison 
Square and emptied into the East River at Eighteenth Street. In 
1780 Gramercy Seat was the 20-acre farm of James Duane (Mayor 
178.^88), and later became the property of Samuel B. Ruggles, who 
in December, 1831. set apart to trustees 42 lots for the creation of 
Gramercy Park. According to tlie deed, they were to surround the 
plot with an iron railing with ornamental gates, and by January i, 
1834, to lay out the grounds and plant trees. The tenants occupying 
the 66 lots bounding it were to have the right of access thereto as 
a place of common resort and recreation, providing each contributed 
ten dollars per year for its maintenance. The work was completed 
in 1840. See tablet set in the sidewalk near the west gate. 

20. The Samuel J. Tilden House (now the National Arts Club) 
is at 14-15 Gramercy Park South. It is noted for its sculptured 
front. See the medallion heads of Shakespeare, Milton, Dante, 
Goethe and Franklin. 

Go west on Twentieth Street, passing the 

21. Home of the Cary Sisters at S3 East Twentieth Street and 

22. The birthplace of Theodore Roosevel% 28 East Twentieth 
Street. 

23. Horace Greeley lived at 35 East Nineteenth Street.*3 



MANHATTAN 
ROUTE 15. 

SECTION II.— MADISON SQUARE AND VICINITY. 

24. Madison Square (6.84 acres) was originally planned and used as a 
" Parade Ground " to extend from Twenty-third to Thirty-fourth Streets and 
from Third to Seventh Avenues. The territory it covered was bounded on the 
west by the Bloomingdale Road and was crossed by the Old Post Road. The 
double ROW of trees seen from the fountain, looking north to Madison Avenue, 
denotes the bed of the Old Post Road which was closed April 27, 1844, by 
resolution of the Common Council. (See Appendix — " The City Milestones and 
the Old Post Road.") To Mayor Harper (1844) must be given the credit for 
the improvement of the Square. The triangle south of the Post Road, a part of 
the Common Lands, belonged to the city; that part thereof to Twenty-sixth 
Street was purchased in 1845, largely from General Theodorus Bailey, the City 
Postmaster. Such part as the city owned was legally opened as a park on May 
10, 1844. Proceedings to acquire title to that part not purchased of General 
Bailey were confirmed May 3, 1847, at a total cost of $65,952. Fifth Avenue, 
from Twenty-third to Twenty-eighth Streets, was ordered filled in and' regu- 
lated in March, 1845. The park was ordered lighted by gas in 1852 and was 
limited to its present dimensions by Chapter 177 of the Laws of 1837. 

The Potter's Field was in Madison Square between 1794-7. 

See the statues of Wm. H. Seward, by Rogers, 1876; Roscoe Conk- 
lin, by J. Q. A. Ward, 1893; Admiral Farragut, by St. Gaudens, 
erected in 1881 by the Farragut Memorial Association, and Chester A. 
Arthur, by Bissell, 1899. The small drinking fountain was given by 
Miss Catherine Wolfe and the large one by Mrs. O. E. P. Stokes. 

25. The Worth Monument Cof Quincy granite, 51 feet high) 
by James C. Batterson, erected in 1857 at the junction of Fifth 
Avenue, Broadway and Twenty-fifth Street by the corporation of the 
city, to honor Major-General Worth, who distinguished himself in 
the Mexican War. His body rests beneath the monument. See the 
equestrian figure of Worth in high relief on the south face of the 
monument. 

The United States Arsenal stood near the site of the Worth Monument from 
1808 to 1824. The deed of the City authorities to the general government of 
land for the site of the arsenal, or magazine (as the old maps have it), was 
dated November 17, 1807. The possibility of the War of 1812 caused its con- 
struction as a defensive measure. The L^nited States conveved the building and 
its rights to the site to the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, 
July 21, 1824, for $6,000. Two wings were added by the Society, one for each 
se.x and the remodeled edifice opened January i, 1825. After its destruction by 
fire in 1839, a new building was erected at Bellevue in October of the following 
year, and the inmates, on its abandonment in 1854, were removed to Randall's 
island. 

Go cast through the Square to 

26. Madison Square Garden, opened in 1890. on the site of the 
old Harlem R. R. Station and later the site of a Hippodrome opened 
by Barnum in 1873. It was first called by its present name on May 
31, 1879. 

27. The Appellate Court House, Twenty-fifth Street and Madi- 
son Avenue, James Brown Lord, architect. The symbolic mural 
paintings in the main entrance and the Court Room are by well-known 
American artists and of special interest. 



Route 15 HISTORICAL GUIDE Madison 

Cross Madison Square to Twenty-Third Street and Fifth Avenue. 

28. Site of the Fifth Avenue Hotel. The farm on which this famous hostelry 
stood belonged to John Horn, whose homestead was in the center of Fifth Av- 
enue, just south of Twenty-third Street. This " House of John Horn " was 
designated in the Law of 1703 as the starting point of the Bloomingdale Road. It 
was occupied by Christopher Mildeberger (who married Horn's daughter) when 
Fifth Avenue was opened in 1837. On petition, the Common Council granted 
that it should remain on its site until November, 1839. After its removal to the 
site of the Fifth Avenue Hotel in that year, it was a tavern kept by Thompson, 
known as the "Madison Cottage." Here it stood until 1853 (14 years) when it 
was torn down to make way for Franconi's Hippodrome which was opened 
in 1853 and occupied the entire block front. The hotel, which was razed in 
1908, succeeded this building. In this hotel was erected in 1859 the first pas- 
senger elevator. 

Go down Fifth Avenue to West Tzventy-iirst Street, passing 

29. Tablet at 5 West Twenty-second Street, marking the site 
of the home of S. F. B. Morse.*4 

The Buckhorn Tavern was on the southeast corner of Broadway and Twenty- 
second Street. 

The Union House stood at the corner of Love Lane (Twenty-first Street) 
and Bloomingdale Road. On its second floor the Civil District Court was held 
for many years. This building was the residence of Jacob, son of John Horn, 
and was built by him. 

Go west on Tweiity-tirst Street, the Hne of Abingdon Road. 

30. The Home of Chester A. Arthur, 34 West Twenty-first 
Street, at the time of his accession to the presidency. 

31. Beth Haim, the third Jewish Cemetery, best seen from 
the staircase at the rear of O'Neill's store, at the corner of Twenty- 
first Street and Sixth Avenue. A cemetery was established here in 
183c (Section 1:9). 

Go north on Si.vth Avenue to Twenty-third Street. 

32. Bust and tablet of Edwin Booth at 70 West Twenty-third 
Street, marking the site of Booth's Theatre. 

2,Z- Schermerhorn Mansion. 49 West Twentv-third Street, the 
last private residence on the block. When erected, the population 
of New York was 700,000; stages ran on Broadway; horse cars 
were in common use; Harlem trains ran to White and Center Streets 
and Hudson River trains to Varick and Beach Streets (demolished igii). 

Take Tzvcnty-third Street Cross Town car east, passing 

34. College of the City of New York, established at the corner of Twenty- 
third Street and Lexington Avenue in 1848-9. It was then known as the Free 
Academy, but in 1866 received its charter as a college. The new buildings on 
West One-hundred and Thirty-eighth Street were formally opened in 1908. 

35. Site of Bull's Head Tavern, northwest corner of Third Avenue and 
Twenty-fourth Street, the third of the name (See Excursion I: 19 and III: 16), 
built about 1826 by Thomas Swift and owned for years by " Uncle Dan'l " 
Drew of steamboat fame. It was the headquarters of the drovers and butchers 
of New York until 1848 when the cattle market was moved to Forty-second 
Street. The region between Twenty-third and Twenty-seventh Streets, Second 
and Fourth Avenues was known as the Bull's Head Village and was part of 
the old Rose Hill Farm. 

112 



Square MANHATTAN 15 Route 

36. Gate and wall of the old House of Refuge at the entrance 
to a storage yard on the north side of Twenty-third Street, between 
First Avenue and Avenue A, to which site the institution was re- 
moved in 1839. 

Go north on Avenue A and through the grounds of the Department 
of Charities to Twenty-sixth Street. 

37. Bellevue Hospital, on what was the Belle Vue Farm. 
The City hospital was moved here in 1810 from the neighbor- 
hood of City Hall Park, together v\rith the penitentiary and alms- 
house, the last two being later removed to Blackwell's Island. 
The first ambulance service in the world was inaugurated in i860 
by this hospital. See on the portico at the entrance to the main 
building a bit of peculiarly wrought iron railing, beneath which is 
a tablet stating that this formed part of the balcony of Federal 
Hall where Washington delivered his first Inaugural Address. 
Another portion of the railing is in the New York Historical 
Society Building. (Excursion VII :2i). The main or gray stone 
building was the original Bellevue Hospital, the corner stone of 
which was laid in 1812. 

IValk zvest on Tzventy-seventh Street 

.^8. The Peter Coof>er House, moved in 1820 from the site of the Bible 
House to Twenty-eighth Street and I'ourth Avenue, remained here until 1909. 

39. The Church du St. Esprit (45 East Twenty-seventh Street), 
the successor to the original Huguenot Church, built in 1688 in 
Petticoat Lane. (Excursion VII: 13 and 1:28). See tablet in the 
vestibule, erected in 1902 by the Huguenot Society of America. 

Go north on Fifth Avenue to Twenty-ninth Street. 

40. Church of the Transfiguration (5 East Twenty-ninth 
Street), often called "The Little Church Around the Corner," 
from the remark of the curate of a near by church who, on being 
asked to officiate at the funeral o'f Holland, the actor, refused, 
adding that "perhaps the rector of the little church around the 
corner might be willing to serve." The church was opened in 
1856. From it have been buried Wallack, Booth and Boucicault. 
See the Lich Gate and memorial window to Edwin Booth. 



113 



Route 15 HISTORICAL GUIDE 

41. Marble Collegiate Reformed Church, Twenty-ninth Street 
and Fifth Avenue, dedicated in 1854. See tablet commemorating 
its succession to the " Church in the Fort " and, in the yard, the 
bell which originally hung in the North Church. (Section IV: 
5 and Excursion 1:37). 

Go west on Twenty-ninth Street to Sixth Avenue and south to 

42. Mouquin's Restaurant, located on the old Varian Farm, the 
homestead of which family stood on the west side of Bloomingdale 
Road, near the corner of Twenty-sixth Street (just north of it). 
In the homestead were born, 1793, Isaac Leggett Varian, Mayor 
1839-40, and his brother William. The latter inherited the portion 
of the farm on which the building on Sixth Avenue is located, and 
he built and lived in the house. It was known for years as the 
"Knickerbocker Cottage," the Varians being a Knickerbocker family. *5 



114 



MANHATTAN 

ROUTE i6. 

SECTION III— LOVE LANE AND CHELSEA VILLAGE. 

Fourteenth to Twenty-fourth Streets; Sixth to Tenth Avenues. 
A. LOVE LANE AND TRACES OF THE OLD ROADS. 

The Abingdon Road (named for the Earl of Abingdon, son-in-law of Sir 
Peter Warren), or "Love Lane" originally followed the line of West Twenty- 
first Street from the Bloomingdale Road to a point east of Eighth Avenue 
where it turned slightly northwest to Chelsea (traces at 318 and 342-346 West 
Twenty-first Street and the southwest corner of Eighth Avenue and Twenty-first 
Street). It was met just east of Sixth Avenue by the Southampton Road 
(traces at Paisley Place, Section 1:3): east of Seventh Avenue by the War- 
ren Road (traces at 148 West Nineteenth Street and 154 West Seventeenth 
Street); east of Eighth Avenue it crossed the Fitzroy Road (running from 
Fifteenth to Forty-second Streets; traces remaining at 254 West Twentieth 
Street, 256 West Eighteenth Street and 246-250-252 West Seventeenth Street); 
and east of Ninth Avenue by a Fourth road (traces at 339 West Twenty-first 
Street, 346 and 368-370 West Eighteenth Street, 352-356 West Seventeenth 
Street, 352-354 West Sixteenth Street, 367 West Fifteenth Street and 112 
Ninth Avenue). 

These four roads connected Love Lane with the Great Kill Road which fol- 
lowed the line of Gansevoort Street, extended to Sixteenth Street east of Seventh 
Avenue (traces in oblique wall of St. Joseph's Home, northwest corner of 
Fifteenth Street and Seventh Avenue). 

Quaint houses, some with oriel windows and newel posts, many of them 
reached through allevways, survive on Twentieth Street between Eighth and 
Ninth Avenues, on Eighteenth Street between Eighth and Ninth Avenues and 
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets between Seventh and Eighth Avenues; also 
along Seventh and Eighth Avenues between Fifteenth and Twenty-third Streets. 

B. CHELSEA. 

Chelsea is the name applied to that part of the city between Eighth Av- 
enue, the Hudson, Nineteenth and Twenty-fourth Streets, and was so called for 
the homestead of (Taptain Clarke, a veteran of the French and Indian Wars. 
His house, (43 in map) named for the Soldiers' Home near London, was 
built in 1750, about 200 feet west of the present Ninth .Avenue between 
Twenty-second and Twenty-third Streets, the grounds running down to the 
river which then came nearly to Tenth Avenue. It was rebuilt by " Mistress 
Molly Clarke," who lived here until '1802. Her daughter married Bishop 
Moore, whose son, Clement C. Moore, lived here until 1850. Here, in 1822, he 
wrote the familiar poem " A Visit from St. Nicholas," 

" 'Twas the night before Christmas," etc. 
Through his agencv streets were opened through this property in 1823. The 
old house was torn down in 1852-3 when the bluffs along the river shore were 
leveled and the shore line extended west. 

The whole shore line is being improved, entire blocks of buildings having been 
demolished to make way for modern warehouses and the new streets which are 
being constructed along the river front. 

Tablet on Red Star Dock at Twenty-second Street and Twelfth 

Avenue marks the " Chelsea Improvement," a great system of new 

docks not yet completed and meant to accommodate the largest 

merchant vessels afloat. 

Take Ninth Avenue Elevated R. R. to Twenty-third Street or Twenty- 
third Street car to Ninth Avenue. 

43. Site of Chelsea, original homestead of Captain Clarke and Clement C. 
Moore (see above). 

IIS 



Route i6 HISTORICAL GUIDE Chelsea 

44. London Terrace, the familiar row of tall pilastered houses 
with deep front jar^s on Twenty-third Street between Ninth and 
Tenth Avenues, erected in 1845 by Wm. Torrey when this was a 
fashionable residence quarter. 

At 436 West Twenty-second Street is the old mansion once the 
home of Edwin Forrest and little altered since his time. 

45. Chelsea Cottages, a row of small houses with little front 
yards on West Twenty-fourth Street between Ninth and Tenth 
Avenues, built 1845. 

Go down Ninth Avenue to 

46. Chelsea Square, the block between Twentieth and Twenty- 
first Streets and Ninth and Tenth Avenues, on which are the 
buildings of the General Theological Seminary. The land was 
given by C. C. Moore and the West Building (still standing) was 
erected in 1835. The Square with its green lawns, quadrangles 
and ivy covered buildings, the library, chapel and refectory, is 
well worth a visit. 

47. St. Peter's Church, on Twentieth Street, east of Ninth 
Avenue, was built in 1836-8 on land given by C. C. Moore. See 
within tablets to Moore and Dr. Hugh Smith. The rectory, just 
west, was the original St. Peter's Chapel. 

48. 114 Ninth Avenue, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth 
Streets, an old house with outside stairs and gambrel window 
reached through a rear alley which originally faced a road used as a 
short cut from Greenwich Village to Chelsea. See also the old 
house at 112 Ninth Avenue. 

49. Old House at 346 West Sixteenth Street, with gambrel 
roof and outside stairs. 

Many other old houses may be seen between Ninth and Seventh 
Avenues along Twentieth to Fifteenth Streets (see A above). 



116 



MANHATTAN 

ROUTE 17. 

SECTION IV— MURRAY HILL TO CENTRAL PARK. 

(Figures refer to Plate XXII.) 

Take Subway or Madison Avenue car to Thirty-third Street; go up 

the steps to Thirty-fourth Street. 

Murray Hill is the height between Thirty-fourth and Forty-second Streets, 
Third Avenue and Broadway, and was named for Robert Murray, a Tory whose 
wife, Mary Lindley, by a clever stratagem delayed Howe (September 15, 1776) 
in his pursuit of Washington. The cornfield where Washington tried to rally 
tlie American troops was on the Murray farm, somewhere between the sites of 
the Grand Central Station and Bryant Park. The Murray estate was called 
Incleberg, and extended between Thirty-third and Thirty-seventh Streets, from 
the Boston to the Bloomingdale Road. 

The Park Avenue Tunnel was built under Murray Hill in 1837 to accom- 
modate the first horsecar line in the world, running from H'arlem_ to Chambers 
Street. Later it was used by the Harlem Railroad, the terminal being at 
White and Centre Streets. 

Go Up Park Avenue to 

1. Tablet, erected by the Knickerbocker Chapter of the Datigh- 
ters of the American Revolution, to mark the site of the ]\Iur- 
ray House, on a boulder in a park space at Thirty-seventh Street 
and Park Avenue, where the house stood until 1834. 

Go west on Tliirty-seventh Street to 

2. Brick Presbyterian Church, at the corner of Fifth Avenue, 
organized in 1767, tlie original building in Park Row (Excursion I: 
14). See in the lecture room (open all day) interesting collection of 
historical portraits and relics of the old church. 

Go up Fifth Avenue to Fortieth Street and then zvest, passing 

3. New York Public Library, erected 1902-10 on the Astor- 
Lenox-Tilden foundation. 

4. Bryant Park (so called in 1884, but originally known as 
Reservoir Square) was bought by the city in 1822 and used as a 
Potter's Field until, in 1842, it became the site of the first dis- 
tributing reservoir of the Croton Aqueduct, now torn down to make 
way for the Library. See portions of the reservoir walls. In the 
western part of the Park stood the Crystal Palace, where the first 
World's Fair in America was held in 1853. In 1858 an ovation was 
given here to Cyrus W. Field, on the completion of the Atlantic Cable 
and soon after the building was destroyed by fire. 

Go through the Park to Forty-second Street, passing 
The colossal bust of Washington Irving (unveiled 1866) op- 
posite the Fortieth Street entrance and the statue of Dr. J. Marion 
Sims, on the north side of the Park.*6 

Go north on Fifth Avenue. 
117 



HISTORICAL GUIDE 




Section ■4-. 



ii8 



Murray Hill MANHATTAN 17 Route 

5. The Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church, at Forty-eighth 
Street. Note the tablet to commemorate its connection with the 
" Church in the Fort." Within may be seen a tablet erected by 
the Daughters of the Revolution, State of New York, to honor 
the soldiers and sailors of the Revolution. In the lecture room is 
an interesting collection of historical pictures and books, includ- 
ing the portraits in oil of its ministers since 1699. The bell 
which hangs in the steeple was cast in Amsterdam in 1728. It 
was bequeathed by Abraham De Peyster, whilom mayor of the 
city, a son of Johannes, the founder of the family in America, 
to the Middle Dutch Church on Nassau Street, between Cedar 
and Liberty Streets. (Excursion 1:27). When the edifice was 
used as a City Post Ofiice, the bell was removed to the church 
at Ninth Street near Broadway, thence to the church on Lafayette 
Place and later to its present location. 

6. St. Patrick's Cathedral, projected by Archbishop Hughes in 
1850 and costing $2,500,000. See within the vestibule at the south 
end a framed account of the title of the property, acquired by the 
trustees of St. Patrick's in 1852 for $59,500. 

Go east on Fiftieth Street. 

7. Tablet on the east side of Madison Avenue, between Forty- 
ninth and Fiftieth Streets, marking the site of Columbia College 
which was moved here from College Place in 1857 (Excursion I, 
21). The Elgin Botanical Garden, founded in 1801 by Dr. Hosack, 
Professor of Botany in Columbia, occupied the blocks^ between 
Forty-seventh and Fifty-first Streets and west nearly to Sixth Avenue, 
on land given, Columbia by the State, to make good the claims of 
the college to a New Hampshire township. Two English yews once 
in the garden were transplanted to the new site at Morningside 
Heights. 

Return to Fifth Avenue and take electric bus to the Metropolitan 
Museum of Art, passing the 

8. Sherman Statue at the Plaza, designed by St. Gaudens and 
erected in 1904. Three blocks west on Fifty-ninth Street is the 

9. Columbus Column at the Circle, presented to the city by 
Italian citizens at the celebration of the 400th anniversary of the 
discovery of America. 

Central Park was planned in 1851 and laid out by " the Com- 
missioners of Central Park " in 1859, Frederick Law Olmstead 
and Calvert Vaux executing the plans. The Park contains many 
statues of famous men. 

119 



Route 17 HISTORICAL GUIDE Central Park 

Statues in and near Central Park (see Appendix B, p. y]^, for exact 
locations, sculptor, etc.) : West Drive — Hamilton, Mazzini, Webster, 
Seventh Regiment soldier; West Eighty-first Street entrance — Bolivar; 
near East .Seventy-second Street entrance — the Pilgrim, Morse and 
R. M. Hunt; the Mall — Columbus; another of Columbus is at 
McGown's Pass Tavern. 

Maine Monument, near the Circle, erected 1911-12, in commemora- 
tion of the loss of this battleship in Havana Harbor, in 1898. 

In the Hotel Netherland, Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street, are 
the paintings, "The Purchase of Manhattan" and ".Stuyvesant Receiving 
the English Terms of Surrender." 

The Board of Education Building, Fifty-ninth Street and Park 
Avenue, contains portraits of De Witt Clinton and former members of 
the Board of Education. 

The Volunteer Firemen's Association, 220 East Fifty-ninth Street, 
has a collection of old fire apparatus and pictures, open to the public. 

The Arsenal, in the Park, near East Si.xty-fourth Street, w^as erected 
by the State in 1848, and used as an arsenal until 1856, and again during 
the Civil War, when troops were quartered and drilled here. It became 
city property in 1856, and is now used by thj Park Department. 

In the Metropolitan Museum of Art (near Eighty-first Street), 
may be seen a fine collection of historical relics. 

Cleopatra's Needle, near by, was presented in 1877 by the 
Khedive of Egypt, the expense of its transportation from Alex- 
andria to New York being paid by William H. Vanderbilt. 

In the American Museum of Natural History at Seventy-seventh 
Street and Central Park west, is a large collection of Indian relics 
excavated at Inwood, the Bronx, Long and Staten islands. 

N. B. For historic points in the northern part of Central Park 
see Excursion IV, Section I. 

For a complete account of Central Park see "Central Park in the 
City of New York," by E. H. Hall, in the 191 1 Report of the American 
Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. 



The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, 226 West 
Fifty-eighth Street, has a large collection of books and records (see 
P- 399)- 

Tablet in the West Side Branch, Y. M. C. A., 318 West Fifty-seventh 
Street, commemorating Washington at Valley Forge. 

New York Historical Society, Central Park West, between Seventy- 
si-«-th and Seventy-seventh streets, has a fine collection of local historical 
relics, prints, etc., in addition to a large number of books, manuscripts, 
paintings and ancient relics (see p. 397). 

120 



MANHATTAN 

ROUTE i8. 

SECTION v.— BLOOMINGDALE. 
(Figures refer to Plate XXIII and letters to Plate XXII.) 

Sometime after the settlement of the Island of Manhattan, the middle west 
section received the name Bloeniendael (vale of flowers) from the Dutch town 
of that name. In early times the only access to the region was by water and 
by a few farm roads. Later it was bisected by the Road to Bloomingdale 
which ran its length through the Blooiningdale District, the name given it by 
the Law of 1703 under which the road was opened from Twenty-third Street 
and Broadway to One-hundred and Fifteenth Street and the present Riverside 
Drive. This road in a large measure followed the line of present Broadway. 
In 179s it was extended to One-hundred and Forty-seventh Street, where it 
was merged in the Kingsbridge Road. In the territory which it traversed were 
a number of hamlets, cne being at the Great Kill, the longest and deepest 
stream which indented the west shore of the island, with an outlet at Forty- 
second Street. The settlement at this spot extended into the fifties, Harsenville 
was located in the seventies. Striker's Bay in the nineties and Bloomiiigdale 
Village centered at One Hundredth Street' Each of these was a distinct lo- 
cality and up to the opening of the Civil War had yet a semblance of villacje 
life. In Dutch times, the entire territory from Fourteenth Street to Claremont 
was known as Bloomingdale, — Greenwich and Chelsea being names of later 
English derivation. It was a favorite suburban section. Some few old man- 
sions survive, but none of Revolutionary date. 

Take Stilnuay to 1 lines {Longacre) Sqiiare.'*7 

In 1872 LoNGACRE Square became the New York center of the carriage in- 
dvistry begun by Brewster and others and one of the trade journals likened it to 
London's Longacre Street in which the carriage trade was centred. The square 
having, at the time, no name the city authorities gave it that of Longacre. 

A. Tablet over doorway at 1493-1505 Broadway, between 
Forty-third and Forty-fourth Streets, erected in 1893 by the Sons 
of the Revolution to commemorate the meeting of Washington 
and Putnam on September 15, 1776. 

B. In the basement of the Hotel Astor may be seen a valuable 
collection of pictures of old New York. In the barroom is a 
painting showing the house of Medcef Eden, an Englishman who 
owned the neighboring property originally, and died of yellow 
fever in one of the early epidemics. 

Take Forty-second Street-Tenth Avenue cars to Fifty-third Street. 

C. DeWitt Clinton Park, between Fifty-second and Fifty- 
fourth Streets, Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues; note the play- 
grounds, pergola, children's farm gardens and the recreation pier 
(foot of Fiftieth Street). The site was part of a farm which had 
remained in the Hopper family for 200 years. 

In the center of Fifty-third Street, as laid out, stood the mansion 
of General Garrit Hopper Striker (Section VI 14) which was built 
in 1752 and was one of the oldest landmarks in the city when torn 
down in 1896. The Mott Homestead stood at Fifty-fourth Street 
on the river bank from 1796 until demolished in 1897. Both these 
residences, as well as Striker's and Mott's Lanes, were obliterated 
by the laying out of the Park. 

121 



Route i8 



HISTORICAL GUIDE 



DeWitt Clinton 




Plate XXIII. Route i8. 



C. K. 



D. In the DeWitt Clinton High School at Fifty-ninth Street 
and Tenth Avenue are two large mural paintings illustrating scenes 
in- connection with the completion of the Erie Canal. 
Take Tenth Avenue car to Eighty-ninth Street; pass en route the 

site of 

1. The Somerindyke House, northwest corner of Seventy-fifth Street and 
Bloomingdale Road (Broadway). Here Louis Philippe lived and taught school 
during his exile. It was occupied by Hessians during the Revolution and razed 
in 1868. 

2. The Collegiate School at 241-243 West Seventy-seventh 
Street, a direct descendant of the first Dutch school (1633) on Stone 
Street (Excursion VII :i2; see H. W. Dunshee's history of the 
school). 

122 



Bloomingdale MANHATTAN i8 Route 

3. Van den Heuvel Mansion, torn down 1905, in the block between Brnnd- 
way and West End Avenue, Seventy-eighth and Seventy-ninth Streets. It was 
built about 1792 by Cornelius Van den Heuvel, the Governor of Dcmarara, and 
after 1839 was used as a tavern and known as Burnham's Mansion House. 
Burnhani s original tavern, a favorite resort for driving parties, was at Seven- 
tieth Street and the Road. 

4. Poe Cottage, Eighty-fourth Street, on the east side of Bloomin.qrdale Road. 
Here Poe and his wife Virginia boarded with a family named Brennan during 
the summers of 1843 and 1844. During this time he wrote "The Raven" 
which first appeared in print in the New York Mirror in January, 1845. 

Walk zvrst on Eighty-tiinth Street to 

5. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, erected in 1900-2 by 
the city to honor the heroes of the Civil War. Note view of 
Palisades, Ft. Washington Point, .etc. 

Go north on Riverside Drive. 

6. The site of Oak Villa, between Ninetieth and Ninety-first Streets, west of 
West End Avenue, the country seat of Brockholst Livingston, grandson of 
Philip, second Lord of the Manor in Columbia County, New York. He was a 
Colonel of the Revolutionary Army, Judge of the Supreme Court and Associate 
Justice on the Federal Suj^reme Bench. He died in 1833 and was buried in 
the family vault in the yard of the Wall Street Presbyterian Church. The 
massive oaks standing in the Park at Ninety-first Street were on the Living- 
ston property and gave the name " Oak \'illa." 

7. The site of the Apthorp Mansion, built in 1764 by Charles Ward Apthorp, 
a member of His Majesty's Council, between Ninety-first and Ninety-second 
Streets, just west of Columbus Avenue. It was the headquarters of Generals 
Howe, Clinton, Carleton and Cornwallis at successive stages of the British 
occupation. A rich English merchant, William Jauncey, (after whom 
Jauncey Court in Wall Street was named), bought the property in 1799 and 
the Cross Road to Harlem, afterward Apthorp Lane, leading to the house was 
known by his name for many years, and is so carried to this day on old maps. 

8. Site of the Striker's Bay Mansion, at Ninety-sixth Street, on hill east of 
viaduct. An old elm on the property inspired George W. Morris in 1837 to 
write " Woodman, spare that tree." As a result, the tree was spared and 
in 1862 Morris testified that it was still standing. The mansion occupied the 
west line of the British outposts during the Battle of Harlem Heights. 

Other well-known families who had permanent residences or country seats in 
Bloomingdale were the Bayards, Beekmans, Bownes, Leggetts, Danas, Have- 
meyers, Howlands, Lawrences, Schuylers, van Nordens, Rikers, de Peysters, De 
Lanceys, McVickars, Strikers, Hoppers, Posts, Schieffelins, Meiers, vVhitlocks, 
Weymans, Webbers, Cozines, Dyckmans, Harsens, Cuttings, Rogers, Wilkes, 
Wells, Clendinings, Jumels and Motts. 

9. St. Michael's Episcopal Church at Ninety-ninth Street and 
Amsterdam Avenue stands on the site of the old wooden church, 
erected in 1806. (" Annals of the Parish," by Dr. John P. Peters). 

10. The Furniss House, on Riverside Drive, between Ninety- 
ninth and One Hundredth Streets, was erected by William P. Furniss 
in 1843. Just north of it was the 

11. Humphrey Jones House, on the river bluff, between One Hundred and 
First and One Hundred and Second Streets. (See Johnston's " History of the 
Battle of Harlem Heights " and Mott's "" The New York of Yesterday "). In 
1798 Robert T. Kemble bought the property and in 181 1 it was acquired by 
William Rogers and was known for years as the " Ann Rogers House." It 
was struck by lightning and burned in 1859. 

Go East on Ninety-ninth Street and *S north on Broadivay. 

12. The Bloomingdale Dutch Reformed Church, recently com- 
pleted at One Hundred and Sixth Street and Broadway, on the 
site of Nicholas Jones' stone house near which began and ended 

123 



Route i8 HISTORICAL GUIDE Weehawken 

the Battle of Harlem Heights. The church, which celebrated its 
looth anniversary in December, 1906, was incorporated as " The 
Church at Harsenville," and was founded in the Dutch mansion 
of Jacob Harscn, at Seventieth Street and Atn^-teiUa 11 .wu au, near 
which site it stood for a century. The open space in front of 
its present location was named " Bloomingdale Square " in 1907. 

SIDE TRIP TO THE HAMILTON-BURR DUELLING 
GROUND. 

By Edward Hagaman Hall. 

Take West Forty-second Street ferry to JVeehaivkeii. Walk to 

the steam railroad track and then south along the shore (5 or 10 
minutes) to a little point of land projecting into the river and 
marked by a scrubby tree. The duelling ground (now blasted away) 
was on a level spot near the shore about on the line of the railroad 
track at this point. 

To see the bust of Hamilton take the trolley from the ferry 
to the top of the blufif, or mount the stairs and walk south and 
then east of the fence running along the cliff. See inclosure con- 
taining a pedestal and bust of Hamilton overlooking the scene of 
the encounter. 

An inscribed slab of the original monument (placed here in 1806 
by the St. Andrew's Society and broken because it seemed to en- 
courage duelling) is now in the New York Historical Society building. 



124 



MANHATTAN 
ROUTE 19. 

SECTION VI.— MORNINGSIDE HEIGHTS AND 
MANHATTANVILLE. 
One Hundred and Tenth Street to One Hundred and Thirty-fifth 

Street. 

(Figures refer to Plate XXIV; see also XXVI and XXX.) 

Take Broadzvay Subzvay to Cathedral Parkway; see to the east the 

partially completed Cathedral of St. John the Divine; 

icalk zccst to Riverside Drive, then nortli to tlie ■ 

1. Carrigan House. The original Nicholas de Peyster House 
stood at One Hundred and Fourteenth Street and Riverside Drive 
and was the terminus of the Bloomingdale Road as fixed by the 
Law of 1703. It burned down in 1835. The property was sold to 
Andrew Carrigan, President of the Emigrant Industrial Savings 
Bank, who built the present house.*9 

Go east on One hundred and Fourteenth Street and north on Broad- 

zvay, passing 
Buildings of the old Bloomingdale Asylum, one in tlie South Field 
of Columbia University and another, now the Columbia Faculty 
Building, northeast corner of One Hundred and Sixteenth Street 
and Broadway. 

2. Tablet, erected by the Sons of the Revolution, on the En- 
gineering Building (near One Hundred and Seventeenth Street), 
Columbia University, marking part of a site of the Battle of 
Harlem Heights, September 16, 1776. On the west side of Broad- 
way, just south of Barnard College, was the wheat field where 
the main action was fought. 

See also memorial window for the battle placed in St. Luke's 
Home for Aged Women at One Hundred and Fourteenth Street 
and Broadway by the New York State Society of the Daughters 
of the Revolution. 

Go east on One Hundred and Sixteenth Street. 

3. Columbia Library, the gift of Seth Low. See inscription on 
the pediment to commemorate the foundation of King's College, 
which stood at College Place and Murray Street. Within may 
be seen the iron crown formerly in King's College and a collec- 
tion of early diplomas with signatures of former presidents. 

On the opposite side of One Hundred and Sixteenth Street, in 
the quadrangle formed by Hamilton Hall and the Hartley Dor- 
mitory, see the statue of Hamilton by Ordway Partridge. 

125 



Route 19 HISTORICAL GUIDE Morningside 

Go north on Amsterdam Avenue. 

4. Tablet on southeast corner of Fayerweather Hall of Col- 
umbia University, on Amsterdam Avenue, facing One Hundred and 
Seventeenth Street, erected by the Empire State Society Daughters 
of 1812 on February 22, 1900, to commemorate New York City 
defences during the War of 1812. " Fort Haight " mentioned thereon 
should read " Fort Laight," being so named in honor of Edward W. 
Laight, Commander of the Regiment of City Infantry, 1814. General 
Garrit Hopper Striker, whose name is inscribed on this memorial, 
served as Captain of the 4th Company, 5th Regiment, 2nd Brigade, 
which regiment was the last employed in erecting the defences on 
Bloomingdale Heights. The original plan was to place the tablet 
on Block House No. i in Central Park, near which defence Captain 
Striker's command was stationed, but owing to the isolated position 
of the tower, and the likelihood of the memorial being hidden from 
view by foliage, the offer of the Trustees of Columbia to have it 
affixed to Fayerweather Hall was accepted. 

Pass on the left Teachers' College. 

5. Block House No. 3, War of 1812, in Mornnigside Park, at 
One Hundred and Twenty-third Street, marked in 1904 by a tablet 
erected by the Women's Auxiliary to the American Scenic and His- 
toric Preservation Society. 

The little height just south formed part of Fort Horn, named 
for Major Joseph Horn, under whose immediate direction the works 
at McGozvn's Pass were erected (Excursion IV, Section I, 22, 25). 

6. Point of Rocks was the high ground at One Hundred and Twenty-sixth 
Street and Convent Avenue, and the site of the most advanced southerly Amer- 
ican military outworks on Washington Heights. Another redoubt stood on the 
hill now at 'One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Street, between Broadway and River- 
side Drive. From the Point of Rocks Washington directed and watched the 
Battle of Harlem Heights. The rocks have been blasted away. 

Day's Tavern, where Washington stayed on his advance to the evacuation 
of New York in 1783, was on One Hundred and Sixth Street, 200 feet west of 
Eighth Avenue. 

Go west on One Hundred and Tzventy-second Street, passing, on the 

left, the new buildings of Union Theological Seminary. 

7. Grant's Tomb; designed by John H. Duncan; corner-stone 
laid by President Harrison, 1892, completed 1897, at a cost of $600,000, 
subscribed chiefly by the 'people of New York City ; within are the 
sarcophagi of General U. S. Grant and his wife. The interior deco- 
ration is by J. Massey Rhind. See the battle flags of the Civil War 

126 



Heights MANHATTAN 19 Route 

and numerous memorials. It is controlled by the Grant Monument 
Association. 

North of the tomb are trees planted by Li Hung Chang and a 
tablet to commemorate his esteem for General Grant. Souvenir 
History to be obtained from the custodian. *io 

Go north along Riverside Drive. 

8. Tomb of- "An Amiable Child" (St. Claire Pollock, baptized 
by Bishop I\Ioore, November 11, 1792), buried here in 1797. It is 
said that the child lost its life by falling over a cliff near this spot. 
In 1796-8 George Pollock, probably the uncle of the child, bought this 
property, then known as "Strawberry Hill" or " Vandewater 
Heights," from Nicholas de Peyster, and when he sold part of it to 
Cornelia Verplanck, he reserved the burial plot which, on his return 
to Ireland in 1800, he deeded to her to preserve. 

9. The Claremont, owned by the city and a public restaurant 
since 1872, was built shortly after the Revolution by Michael Hogan, 
at one time British Consul at Havana, and named after the royal 
residence at Surrey of Prince William, Duke of Clarence, afterward 
King William IV, with whom Hogan had served as fellow midship- 
man in the Royal Navy and who visited him at his town house in 
Greenwich Street in 1782. Viscount Courtenay, afterward Earl 
of Devon, occupied the house and from it in 1807 viewed the trial 
trip of Fulton's steamship, the "Clermont." In 1815 it became the 
abode of Joseph Bonaparte. The Post family purchased the property 
in 1821. 

10. View of the Palisades and Fort Washington Point from 
the Viaduct which was built to extend Riverside Drive to Wash- 
ington Heights. The valley between was known in Dutch days as 
"The Clove of the Kill," or " Matje David's J'ly" (the Widow 
David's Meadow). During the Revolution it was called the "Hol- 
low Way." The settlement in the valley between One Hundred and 
Twenty-fifth and One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Streets was known 
as Manliattanville. A rude ferry to Fort Lee was established before 
the Revolution.*! I 

Descend to Manliatian Street and so east to Suhzvav. 



127 



HISTORICAL GUIDE 




^ 



c^ 






CM 






128 



MANHATTAN 



BATTLE OF HARLEM HEIGHTS. 

By Hopper Striker Mott. 

This, the only contest of the Revolution within the limits of _ New York City 
that resulted in a victory for the Americans, had a greater influence on the 
result than is generally acknowledged. Washington's army had been disastrously 
worsted on Long Island and was in flight when this success clinched the dogged 
determination which made possible the brilliant exploits at Trenton and 
Princeton. 

The Americans, on abandoning Long Island, had withdrawn up the Island of 
Manhattan, time for the retreat being gained through the instrumentality of 
Alary Lindley Murray (Section I\':i and introductory note). During the de- 
lay, Putnam and his command, in their straggling retreat along the Blooming- 
dale Road, had passed in safety to williin a mile of the Morris House where 
Washington had his headquarters. When the British realized that tlie patriots 
had joined the main army, they encamped that night along the New Cross 
Road (Apthorp Lane), Sir Henry Clinton taking possession of the Aptliorp 
Mansion, and threw up fortifications just north, extending across the island 
from rioorn's Hoek to Striker's Bay. Earl Cornwallis was in command of the 
Reserve, while other generals led the English, Scotch and Hessians. 

The first line of works thrown up by the Americans was located about One 
Hundred and Forty Seventh Street (Excursion I\', Section II:i) and the hill 
as far south as " The Hollow Way," the valley through which Manhattan Street 
now passes, was occupied by them. Generally, these were the positions of the 
two forces on September i6, 1776. On that morning. Colonel Thomas Knowlton. 
who had seen service at Lexington, Bunker Hill and Long_ Island, was directed 
by Washington to make a reconnoissance of the enemy's position. Moving 
southward with his Connecticut Rangers along the westerly side near the Hud- 
son, they were screened from view by the woods covering Hooglandt's farm. 
It was not until they reached Nicholas Jones' farmhouse about sunrise that 
the British pickets, light infantrymen, were encountered. Evidently stationed 
on the Bloomingdale Road at about One Hundred and Fourth Street, their 
regiments were encamped a short distance to the south. During the brisk skir- 
mish which now took place, the woods along the dividing line between the Jones 
and Hooglandt farms echoed the sharp firing from both sides. The forces were 
so disproportioned as to numbers, and the object of the movement had been so 
far attained that Knowlton ordered a retreat, which was effected without con- 
fusion. He had, however, ten killed in action. They fell back along the line 
of the Road, closely pursued. The enemy halted at the elevation known as 
" Claremont," from 'which point they could catch glimpses of General Greene's 
troops on the oi)posite slopes. 

This was the third time within a month that the British had scattered or driven 
Washington's men with ease, and it only remained on this occasion for their 
bugler to sound the contemptuous notes of the hunt across the Hollow into the 
American lines. To quote one of the latter's officers: " The enemy appeared 
in open view and in the most insulting manner sounded their bugle horns as 
is usual after a fox-chase; I never felt such a sensation before — it seemed to 
crown our disgrace." Washington had gone down to the advanced position and 
heard tlie firing. He was urged to reinforce the Rangers, but was not im- 
mediately persuaded of the advisability of forcing the fighting. Eventually, he 
determined on a strategical plan, viz: to make a feint in front of the hill and 
induce the enemy to advance into the Hollow, and second, should this prove 
effective, to send a strong detachment circuitously around their right flank to 
tlie rear and hem them in. This plan succeeded in so far that the enemy, see- 
ing the advance, promptly accepted battle, " ran down the hill and took posses- 
sion of some fences and bushes," from which vantage a smart fire was begun, 
but at too great a distance to do much execution. The flanking party, composed 
of Knowlton's Rangers, now back at the lines, was reinforced with three 
companies of riflemen from the Third Virginia Regiment under Major Andrew 
Leitch. In some unlucky manner the attack was premature " as it was rather 
in flank than in rear." Both the brave leaders fell in this engagement, Knowl- 
ton living but an hour. _ Leitch survived until October and, when he died at a 
little blacksmith's shop in the neighborhood of the present One Hundred and 
Twenty-ninth Street. Notliing daunted by tlie loss of their commanders, the 
Rangers and Riflemen pressed on. The British, who had been inveigled into 

129 



HISTORICAL GUIDE 

the Hollow Way, had in the meantime been put to flight by the use of artillery, 
and were pursued back towards their camp along the line of the Koad to a 
buckwheat field on top of a high hill. Heretofore the manceuvring had taken 
place largely on the Hooglandt farm; the main action was then transferred to 
Van de Water's Heights. 

The general limits of this " hot contest " were the high ground extending 
from Columbia University around westward and northerly to Grant's Tomb 
and Claremont. The fighting grew into a pitched battle, lasting from noon 
imtil about two o'clock. Nearly 1800 Americans were engaged, composed of 
commands representing New England, Maryland and Virginia, with volunteers 
from New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 

The enemy finally retreated, followed in close pursuit, and the day was won. 
The route crossed an orchard just north of One Hundred and Eleventh Street 
and terminated in the vicinity of Jones' House, where Knowlton first found 
them in the early morning. It was considered prudent to withdraw, and late in 
the afternoon the troops returned to camp, rejoicing in a success they had not 
anticijjatcd. It is estimated that about 30 men were killed and not over 100 
wounded and missing. A total British loss of 171 was reported. This action 
put new courage into the patriots and exerted a wide influence over subsequent 
events. 

The above account of the battle follows that of Henry P. Johnston, Professor 
of History in the College of the City of New York. 

LANDMARKS OF THE BATTLE-FIELD. 

The Apthorp Mansion, where Washington waited until his little army of 
3500 men, none of whom had breakfasted or slept, had passed in retreat from 
the oncoming enemy, following them to the Roger Morris House (Jumel Man- 
sion) at One Hundred and Sixty-second Street, his headquarters until after the 
battle (Excursion IV, Section II). When Howe took possession of the Apthorp 
House it was whispered about that he was made welcome there, and when the 
war was over Apthorp was included in the list of persons suspected of being 
Tory sympathizers. Although indicted for treason, he was never tried for his 
alleged crime. Property which he owned in Massachusetts in connection with 
his brother was confiscated, but his New York realty was left untouched. 
(Section V:?). 

Van de Wafer Heights, owned by Herman van de Water, stretched between 
One Hundred and Sixth and One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Streets, and in- 
cluded a part of present Morningside Park. These Heights were a portion of 
the De Key tract and were bounded south by the land of Theunis Eideyse van 
Huyse, and east by Harlem (Tom.mons. Van de Water and Adriaen Hooglandt 
purchased one-half of the tract from de Key in 1738. 

The Houses of Humphrey Jones, his son Nicholas Jones and the Striker Man- 
sion are described in Section V:8, 11, 12. 



130 



MANHATTAN 

SIDE TRIP TO FORT LEE. 

By Edward Hagaman Hall. 

Take Fort Lcc Ferry from West One Hundred and Thirtieth Street, 
and the trolley up the Palisades to Fort Lee Village. 

The site of the fort is on the bhiff bounded by Cedar and English 
Streets and Parker Avenue. In the woods southwest of the pond 
(now dry) and of the church, may be seen some remains of the 
fireplaces or chimneys of the huts of the American troops, and west 
of these the zig-zag line of breastworks can be traced. 

Washington's Well is northeast of the church (east of Parker 
Avenue), and still further east is a huge flat stone which was 
utilized for the bottom of a military bread oven. Traces of re 
doubts are visible on the crest of the Palisades east of the fcrt, 
and another redoubt some distance north was used to protect thj 
sunken obstructions between Jeffreys Hook or Fort Washington Point 
and the Jersey Shore at this part on the river. 

Fort Lee Park, consisting of 7'/ acres, was given by Dr. James 
Douglas in 1910. This includes the chief Revolutionary sites in the 
neighborhood. 

The Fort Lee Monument was dedicated September 26, 1908, on 
Parker's Pond Lot, by the Fort Lee Aionument As?oci:;tion. It rep- 
resents a Continental soldier and drummer boy climbing the Palisades. 



131 




Plate XXV. Route 20. 
132 



C. K, 



MANHATTAN 



ROUTE 20. 

SECTION VII.— KIP'S BAY TO HORN'S HOOK; THE EAST 
RIVER ISLANDS. 

Corrected with the aid of Frank Warren Crane. 

(Figures refer to Plate XXV). 

Thirty-fourth Street to One Hundredth Street, east of Fifth Avenue. 

Kip's Bay indented the eastern shore of Manhattan at Thirty-fourth Street 
where now are the ferry slips. Near bv, on the east side of Second Avenue 
between Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Streets stood until 1851 the Farm- 
house of Jacob Kip where, in 1655, he brought his young wife, Marie de la 
Montague. Here also the British landed on September 15, 1776, when they 
captured the Island of Manhattan. 

Turtle Bay is a rocky cove at about Forty-fifth Street on the shore of 
which stood an old storehouse where the British kept military supplies. The?? 
were captured in 1773 by a band of Liberty Boys under John Lamb and Mari- 
nus Willett. Fortifications occupied this spot during the two wars with Eng- 
land. 

Artillery Park was at Forty-fifth Street and First Avenue where Nathan 
Hale was executed. 

Cannon Point was the name given to the projection into the East River of 
East 55th Street. From this point may be obtained a good view of the 
dangerous rocks and eddies of the East River and of the south end of Black- 
wall's Island. 

The river shore is as bold and rocky as it was in the early days, the swift 
current of the East River making it difficult to utilize this portion of Man- 
hattan for docks. . 

The old Post Road after leaving Madison Square and crossing Third Avenue 
between Forty-second and Forty-third Streets, ran to Second Avenue, crossing 
it at Fifty-second Street (at Cato's Road House) and again at Sixty-third 
Street. It crossed Third Avenue at Sixty-fifth and Seventy-seventh Streets and 
Fourth Avenue at Eighty-fifth Street, and thence ran through Central Park to 
Harlem, its west branch joining the Blooniingdale Road. 

The 4TH Milestone is at Third Avenue and Fifty-seventh Street, and the 
5TH MiLESTOfiE just one mile north, at Seventy-seventh Street (see Appendix: 
Milestones and Post Roads). 

Odelh'ille was the name applied to a hamlet of sixty years ago lying in the 
region of Third .\venue and Forty-ninth Street. From it a long lane led to 
the country house of Horace Greeley on the East River shore. 

Yorkvillc was a village on the old Post Road between Eighty-third and Eighty- 
ninth Streets, Fourth and Second Avenvies, by some so considered from Fifty- 
ninth to One Hundredth Street, the old Hell Gate ferry being then at the 
foot of Eighty-sixth Street. Seventy-fourth Street was the south boundary of 
the old " Town of Harlem." 

Take Second Avenue Elevated R. R. to Fiftieth Street and walk cast 
to First Avenue. 

1. Site of the Beckman House on Beekman Hill, between Fifty-first and Fifty- 
second Streets west of First Avenue, where P. S. 135 now stands. The house 
was built in 1763 by Wm. Beekman and became the headquarters of Howe, Clin- 
ton and Carleton. In a greenhouse on the grounds Hale was tried as a spy and 
here .\ndre received his final instructions before going north to meet Arnold. 
The house was torn down in 1874, but one of its mantels and some of the Dvitch 
Scripture titles may be seen in the New York Historical Society Building. 
Note the steep incline leading up to Beckman Hill. 

2. Beekman Place, between Forty-ninth and Fifty-first Street, 
near the river, preserve the historic name. Note the view of tlie 
East River here. 



Route 20 HISTORICAl. GUIDE Kip's b'ay to 

Go north to Fifty-third Street and east to the 

3. Shot Tower, built by Mr. Youle in 1821 (succeeding the old 
tower of Revolutionary days) and used during the Civil War. 
Nearby stood until recently the De Voor Farmhouse, built about 200 
years ago, at the foot of East Fifty-third Street. The Spring Valley 
Farm was granted in 1677 by Governor Andros to David Duffore 
or De Voor. It was later called the Odell, Arden or Brevoort es- 
tate. It was a good example of substantial Dutch architecture and 
one of the oldest buildings in the city when destroyed. De Voor's 
Mill Stream, the Saw Kill or Saw Mill Creek, ran from the high 
ground of upper Central Park, being crossed at Seventy-seventh and 
Fifty-second Streets by two " Kissing Bridges." 

4. The Brevoort House at 415 East Fifty-fourth Street is of 
Dutch architecture but much later than the De Voor House (af- 
ter 1800). It was a country residence of the Brevoort family, 
though not the original homestead. 

Go north on Avenue A under the nezv Queensboro Bridge. 

5. Smith's Folly, a quaint old house near the terminal of the 
new Queensboro Bridge, 421 East Sixty-first Street. It was built 
for a stable in 1799 (see date on rear wall) by Colonel Wm. 
S. Smith, son-in-law of President John Adams. After Smith's 
failure it was used as a tavern until 1830, whf>n it was bought by 
Jeremiah Towle, City Surveyor, and until 1906 was occupied by his 
daughters. Across the street are two old residences, one occupied 
by the Female Guardian Society Industrial School. 

6. The Schermerhorn Farmhouse, built 1747, at the foot of 
East Sixty-fourth Street was a summer home of Governor George 
Clinton. It is now used in connection with the new buildings of 
the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research, the erection of which 
obliterated the Jones Chapel and an old graveyard where were buried 
members of the Jones, Hardenbrook and Adams families. 

Jones' Wood, north of Seventieth Street, was part of the 90-acre farm (from 
Sixty-sixth to Seventv-fifth Streets) originally owned by the Provoost family. 
Samuel Provoost became the first Bishop of New York and was President of 
Columbia College. His cousin, David Provoost, was a Revolutionary soldier 
who became a smuggler (" Ready Money Provoost ") and hid his ill-gotten 
gains in the " Smugglers' Cave " on the shore of this farm, or in a cave at 
Ilallet's Point, Astoria. The old Provoost family vault disappeared in i85cS 
from the foot of East Seventy-first Street. The Jones family acquired this 
property about 1803 and later Jones' Wood became a popular picnic resort. 
It was chosen as the site for a large city park for which was substituted the 
land covered by the present Central Park. 

Go west on Si.vly-eighth Street, 
134 



Horn's Hook MANHATTAN 20 Route 

7. Monument in the German Reformed Church, Sixty-eighth 
Street, between First and Second Avenues, erected by the church 
in memory of Baron Steuben, an active member of the church of 
which J. J. Astor was elder, clerk and treasurer about 1800. The 
church was organized in 1758 and erected its first edifice on Nassau 
Street between Maiden Lane and John Street. In 1822 it moved 
to Forsyth Street, in 1861 to the corner of Norfolk and Stanton 
Streets, and in 1897 to the present location. On the occasion of the 
iSOth anniversary of the church (1908) the bell now used was 
presented to the congregation by the German Emperor.*i2 

Take First Avenue car to Eighty-sixth Street and go east to East 

River Park. 

8. The Gracie House in East River Park near Eighty-eighth 
Street stands on what was known in early days as Horn's 
Hook (its first owner, Siebert Classen, coming from Hoorn, Hol- 
land), and later as Rhinelander's or Observation Point, where bat- 
teries were placed during the two wars with England. The house 
was built by Archibald Gracie about 1813 and Washington Irving 
was a frequent visitor here and at the John Jacob Astor residence 
which stood just south near the present Eighty-sixth Street and 
Avenue A. Some of the trees in the park were sent from China and 
Japan. 

Note view of the upper end of Blackwell's Island, Mill Rock, 
Hell Gate and Ward's Island (see article below on East River 
Islands). 

9. Site of the Yalless Hopper House, on the west side of Second Avenue be- 
tween Eighty-third and Eighty-fourth Streets, until 1855. It was a quaint stone 
structure built by Benjamin Waldron, whose daughter Elizabeth married Hopper 
in 1759 and p.issed into his possession on the death of his father-in-law in 
1782. Its sides were indented with shots from British ships during the attack 
at Hoorn's Neck. An advertisement offering for sale the farm of Adolph 
Waldron in 1786 states that a ferry had long been established to Hallet's Cove 
on Long Island. 

Go west on Ninetieth Street, passing 

10. The Prime House (best seen from Ninetieth Street be- 
tween Avenue A and First Avenue), now one of the buildings of 
St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum ; some of its old fireplaces and mantels 
are preserved and from its upper balcony is obtained a fine view of 
Hell Gate. Nathaniel Prime, a merchant prince, had his town house 
at No. I Broadway. He built the uptown house in 1800. 

Co north on Park Avenue to 

11. The Winfield Scott Mansion, at Park Avenue and Ninety- 
third Street (northwest corner), erected in 1847 ^'id now used as 
an academy by the Ursuline Sisters (about to be torn down, I9I2).*I3 

^35 



HISTORICAL GUIDE 



THE EAST RIVER ISLANDS. 

Near the turbulent waters of Hell Gate is a group of three islands 
covered with vast buildings of stone or brick where the poor, the 
sick and the insane of the city, as well as the offenders against law 
and order, are cared for by the Departments of Charities and Cor- 
rection. 

Blackwell's Island, called in Indian days Mhmahanonck or Long 
Island, and, later. Manning's Island, was granted to Captain John 
Manning, Sheriff of New York County, in 1664. Because of his dis- 
graceful surrender of the city to the Dutch in 1673, his sword was 
broken and he spent some years in retirement in his " castle " on the 
island. He left it to his step-daughter, who married Robert Black- 
well. In 1828 the city bought it for $50,000. Most of the buildings 
are of granite dressed on the island and built by convict labor. 
Around the island are heavy granite sea walls. 

Passes may be obtained from the Departments of Charities and 
Correction. 

Hell Gate is the channel between Astoria, Manhattan, Ward's 
and Blackwell's Islands, at the junction of the Harlem and East 
Rivers. Mr. Edward Hagaman Hall learned that " Hell Gate " is a 
name in use in Holland where it is spelled Helle-gat and is ap- 
plied to a difficult water passage between the Volkerak and Holland 
Diep, on the much-traveled waterway between Antwerp and Rotter- 
dam, the name being used in the same sense as the English translation 
" Hell Gate." The efforts to derive the name from an ancient root 
meaning "beautiful" or "clear" have no foundation in fact. 

Owing to hidden rocks and conflicting tides, the strait is yet dan- 
gerous for navigation, although many rocks have been removed 
by the government. The great work of exploding these reefs was 
begun in 1869-76 and completed in 1885. Among its features are Pot 
Rock, the Devil's Frying Pan, Flood Rock, Hog's Back, Nigger Head 
and Gridiron. A description of the strait is given in the Labadist 
Journal. Mill Rock, or Leland's Island, opposite Ninety-third 
Street, used to be known as " Sandy Gibson's," a favorite stopping 
place for fishermen. Here, in 1812, a blockhouse was built for the 
defence of the city. 

136 



East River MANHATTAN Islands 

Ward's Island (also called Great Barent, Barn or Buchanan's 
Island) was bought from the Indians by Van Twiller and used 
by him as a pasture. In 1776 it was occupied by the British who 
established a camp here. After the Revolution two brothers. 
Jasper and Bartholomew Ward, bought it and divided it into 
farms. In 1812 a cotton mill was built and a bridge which con- 
nected the island with One Hundred and Fourteenth Street. 
In 1840 it became the Potter's Field, 100,000 bodies being brought 
here from Bryant Park (see Section IV). 

4. Little Hell Gate is the strait which divides Ward's Island 
on the north from 

Randall's Island (Belle Isle, Little Barent or IMontresor's 
Island), which has had many owners since the English ceded it 
to Thos. Delavall, an early collector of customs. Among the 
owners was Captain James Montresor, who lived here during 
the Revolution. Here, in 1776, 250 Americans were defeated in 
an attempt to capture a British force. Jonathan Randall bought 
the island in 1784 and in 1835 sold it to the city for $50,000. 
A pass to visit the House of Refuge may be secured from the 
Department of Charities. 

North and South Brotlicr's, Rikcr's, City. Hart's, Hunter's and 
Tzvin Islands arc described in Excursion IX. 



^37 



HISTORICAL GUIDE 



ADDENDA— 1912 

*i (p. 107). The Cruger Mansion, a reproduction of Boscobel 
House, seat of the Douglas family in Scotland, was the home of 
William Douglas and his sister, Harriet Douglas Cruger. Kossuth was 
a guest, and his two nieces lived here many years. 

*2(p. 109). The Irving House was built by Mr. Martin, who in the 
50's sold it to Mr. Phelps. The family say Washington Irving never 
lived here. 

Tablets and medallion heads: (a) William Lloyd Garrison, south- 
east corner Seventeenth Street and Fourth Avenue, to commemorate 
his death here. May 24, 1879; {b) Henry George fSc, Richard F. 
George), on Union Square Hotel, Fifteenth Street and Fourth Avenue, 
erected' 1909 to commemorate his death here, October 29, 1897. 

*3 (p. no). Herman Melville, the writer, lived at 104 East Twenty- 
sixth Street. 

*4 (p. 112)! The Methodist Historical Society has a collection of 
relics in the Methodist Book Concern, 150 Fifth Avenue, corner 
Twentieth Street ; the Huguenot Society, 105 East Twenty-second 
Street, has a collection of books relating to the settlement of America 
by the French. 

*5 (p. 114). Near Greeley Square: Statues of (a) Horace Greeley, 
Broadway and Thirty-third Street, by Alexander Doyle, erected by the 
Typographical Union and a Grand Army Post; {b) William E. Dodge, 
by J. Q. A. Ward, erected by New York merchants. 

In the Hotel Imperial, Broadway and Thirtieth Street, is the paint- 
ing, "Bowling in Bowling Green." 

The Arsenal, Thirty-fifth Street and Seventh Avenue, contains tab- 
Lets and war relics from the old Elm Street Armory. 
. *6 (p, 117). Union troops were encamped in Reservoir Square. On 
July 4, 1863, the Draught Riots began with an attack on the Colored 
Onphan Asylum near by, at Forty-third Street and Fifth Avenue. The 
"Cxoton Cottag.e" was burned by the mob. 

. Statue of William Cullen Bryant, by Herbert Adams, on the east 
side .of the Park, near the Library, erected by the Century Association 
in 1911. 

138 



MANHATTAN 

West of the Bryant Memorial is a Memorial Fountain to Josephine 
Shaw Lowell, social worker and philanthropist, erected May 21, 1912. 
See tablet in front, sunk in the ground. 

In the Republican Club, on the site of St. Ignatius' Church, at 
54 West Fortieth Street, is a large collection of rare prints and maps 
of old New York. 

*7 (p. 121). The name "Times Square" was given shortly after the 
erection of the present Times Building. 

In the New Amsterdam Theater, 214 West Forty-second Street, 
is the painting, "Reading the Declaration of Independence to the Army 
on the Common, July 9, 1776" (see p. 54). 

*8 (p. 123). Statue of General Franz Siegel, by Bitter, Riverside 
Drive and io6th Street, erected by public subscription. 

*9 (p. 125). Fulton Water Gate and Monument, to the memory of 
Robert Fulton, designed to stand on Riverside Drive, between 114th 
and ii6th streets, to be erected through public subscription obtained 
by the Robert Fulton Monument Association. When completed the 
remains of Fulton are to be transferred from Trinity Churchyard to 
this monument. 

*io (p. 127). Japanese Cherry Trees and tablet in honor of Grant 
and the friendship of Japan for the American people, presented by the 
Japanese Government in 1912. The tablet is just northeast of the 
tomb on a granite block. 

*ii (p. 127). Tablet at the south end of the Viaduct, near 128th 
Street, to commemorate the Hollow Way, erected 1910 by the Knicker- 
bocker Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. 

*i2(p. 135). The block bounded by Fifth and Madison avenues, 
Seventieth and Seventy-first streets, was part of the great Lenox Farm 
left to James Lenox by his father, Robert Lenox. In 1870 Mr. Lenox 
gave this block to a Board of Trustees for a public library, and here 
Lenox Library stood until after the opening of the New York Public 
Library, the proceeds of the sale of this property being used to complete 
the new library. 

The American Jewish Historical Society, No. 736 Lexington Avenue, 
contains books relating to the history of Jews on the American Con- 
tinent. 

*I3 (P- 135)- Milestones are found along Third Avenue as follows: 
No. 2, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets (see Exc. Ill, p. 91) ; 
No. 4, at Fifty-seventh Street; No. 5, at Seventy-seventh Street; No. 7, 
at 117th Street (see Appendix A, p. 371). A Revolutionary cannon 
stands at the southeast corner of Third Avenue and Fifty-first Street. 

139 



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